Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface, we must first discuss the characteristics of magma and how magmas form in the Earth.. Characteristics of Magma. Phreatomagmatic activity with some lava spatter occurred from the northernmost of two craters in the summit caldera, generating plumes to an altitude of 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. Types of Magma Types of magma are determined by chemical composition of the magma. A cluster of dacitic lava domes occupies the southern caldera floor. Eruptions from Pacaya, one of Guatemala's most active volcanoes, are frequently visible from Guatemala City, the nation's capital. Eruptions can create new landforms, but can also destroy everything in their path. Another term for this sort of interaction is a phreatomagmatic eruption. ... most often when an undersea volcano reaches the ocean surface. ... they all share a few key characteristics. This complex basaltic volcano was constructed just outside the southern topographic rim of the 14 x 16 km Pleistocene Amatitlán caldera. Flows from Hawaiian eruptions are basaltic, and can be divided into two types by their structural characteristics. Phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions are difficult to predict with accuracy on volcanoes due to complex interactions at depth between heat, water, and magmatic fluids. Pahoehoe lava is a relatively smooth lava flow that can be billowy or ropey.
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