The white, brown-headed larva has three pairs of legs and is about 1/4 long when mature. The main symptoms are curling and yellowing of leaves, and stunting. ), with serious outbreaks occurring only sporadically. Stalks of plants may be cut. Dust plants with flour. Cabbage aphids are one of several aphid species that can be problematic in canola crops. Most importantly, the current growing conditions and moisture availability should be assessed. Plant-derived products, such as neem, derris, pyrethrum and chilli (with the addition of soap). Sow at recommended times; earlier sown crops usually have a greater incidence of viral infection. CA overwinters as black eggs in host plant debris near the soil surface. Spread of viruses by the aphid is possibly more important than the direct damage done by feeding. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. Cabbage aphid, mustard aphid, turnip aphid. Black cutworm is a common pest. The Journal of Animal Ecology 32: 393-424. Infested plants may show signs of curling, wrinkling, or cupping of the leaves. Synthetic pyrethroids are likely to be effective, but will also kill natural enemies. Annual Review of Entomology 37: 321-348. See the pictorial guide to distinguishing winged aphids in canola and pulses at. Temperatures during autumn and spring are optimal for aphid survival and reproduction. Also, time the application of insecticidal soaps when the maximum number of wasps are still in the aphid mummies. Avoid the use of broad-spectrum ‘insurance’ sprays and apply insecticides only after monitoring and distinguishing between aphid species. Adults and nymphs suck sap from plants and high numbers can result in yield loss by reducing pod set, pod fill and grain quality. Nymphs are similar to adults but are smaller in size and do not have wings. Marcroft S, Potter T and Jones R. 2011. Consider adding a wetting agent to the spray mix to help the insecticide penetrate the aphid’s waxy surface. PestNotes are information sheets developed through a collaboration between cesar and the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). It can be easier in the non-winged form but is more difficult with winged aphids. Winged aphids fly into crops from mustard, wild radish, wild turnip and other cruciferous plants, and colonies of aphids start to build up within the crop. Infestations start when winged aphids fly into crops from autumn weeds. Population dynamics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). This pest tolerates many of the insecticides used a-on cabbage and can be particularly difficult to manage with organic controls. Symptoms Aphid Damage Keep an eye out for some of the following indicators: Aphids produce a sweet, sticky excretion known as honeydew, and if you notice a substance on your plants that feels sticky, it may mean aphids are living on the plant. 1963. It’s important to keep a watchful eye on your plants for signs of aphid damage, since the aphids themselves may not be visible. 2007. However, they can be used to kill ants, which often tend aphids for their honeydew, and protect them from effective control by predators and parasitoids. Sow at recommended times; earlier sown crops usually have a greater incidence of viral infection. In aphids, there are two small pipes called cornicles or siphunculi (tailpipe-like appendages) at the posterior end that can be seen if you look with a hand lens. They are very common as a pest of canola, with peak abundance typically during spring. Distinguishing between aphids can sometimes be challenging. Some aphid species cause galls to form on roots or leaves. It constipates the pests. However, wingless females producing live young (nymphs), are the most common. These sap-sucking creepy crawlies are regularly seen bolstering in bunches on new plant growth. Pirimicarb has little impact on beneficial insects compared with broad-spectrum chemicals. Infested plants become riddled with winding tunnels. Cabbage aphids cause significant yield losses to many crops of the family Brassicaceae, which includes the mustards and crucifers. Bailey PT. They are very small brown to black beetles that may have some yellow markings on their wing covers. Wratten, K. 2002. Cabbage aphids will generally move into paddocks from roadsides and damage will first appear on crop edges. 293 Royal Parade, Parkville The pale-green cabbage aphid looks like other aphids but with a grayish waxy coat similar to cigarette ash. The adult is a white butterfly about 1-3/4 inches long tinged with yellow on the undersides of the wings and black spots-on the front wing. Figure 6. Larvae are found in the soil and attack roots, but it is the adult feeding that is usually the primary damage. Pull back loose wrapper leaves and examine around the base of the head for larger larvae. Wingless are greenish-yellow, covered in a fine waxy coating, with green bands on the top of the body (Photo 1). Aphids of any of several species present either dead or alive in sufficient numbers to reduce the marketability of cabbage. Nonetheless, aphid flight distances will vary with prevailing winds. Austral Entomology. 2012. Cabbage aphids are usually found on the terminal flowering spikes. Crops planted early when the weather is cool and wet for long periods of time are potentially at greater risk to damaging infestations of cabbage maggots. Department of Entomology1980 Folwell Avenue | St. Paul, MN 55108-6074(612) 624-3670 | contact Bill Hutchison hutch002@umn.edu. When mature the larvae reach 1-1/4 inches in length.
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