(iii) Bacteria can occur in pairs (diplo – bacilli or cocci). The difference between the two groups is believed to be due to a much larger peptidoglycan (cell wall) in Gram positives. Classification of Bacteria Bacteria are classified according to 3 main properties: 1. Autotrophs are divided into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate carbondioxide. Thermophils contains saturated fattyacids in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at higher temperature. D) Spirilla: – These type of bacteria are spiral or spring like with multiple curvature and terminal flagella. Ocean water contains 3.5% salt. Cocci (or coccus for a single cell) are round cells, sometimes slightly flattened when they are adjacent to one another. Bacteria Classification. Most of the commonly isolated bacteria belong to this group, c- Carboxyphilic: These require presence of high percentage(10%) of carbon dioxide, d- Microaerophilic: These require only small amount of oxygen for their growth and higher concentration of oxygen will kill the organism, Based on temperature requirement for their growth bacteria are classifieds into following three groups, Classification of Bacteria / Microbiology. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Wall structure 1. These bacteria grow best at an alkaline pH. They devide by simple binary fusion. Oxygen requirement Gram staining: In their natural state bacteria are colourless.. To identify them they are stained with a dye. Classification on the basis of gram stain, bacterial cell wall, shape, mode of nutrition, temperature requirement, oxygen requirement, pH of growth, osmotic pressure requirement, number of flagella and spore formation. Those bacteria gain energy from chemical compounds. Shape 3. Classification of Bacteria by shape or cell structure Cohn divided the bacterial into four types based on their shapes in 1872. Example: –Bacillus cereus. spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus Eukarotes: These organisms have complete cell structure similar to higher organisms. 1. ; Spirilla (or spirillum for a single cell) are curved bacteria which can range from a gently curved shape to a corkscrew-like spiral. Of all the different classification systems, the Gram stain has withstood the test of time. Strict Aerobes. Thanks for helping microbiology students, Its really, amazing, because, sometimes students are also, confused, and sometimes books are not describe that in the proper way , but here if we, read, and taking it as a note, than we get some valuable, interesting fact about classification of bacteria, so thank you, for giving us such a very, important article , this article is real nice and it simplified the classification of bacterial well, Very nice text, but need support with more pictures. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON GRAM STAINING . These bacteria grow best at an acidic pH. Shape of Bacterial Cell . Gram - •Enteric, respiratory and others 3. Bacterial classification C. Cell morphology 1. z Bacteria are classified based on the shape as cocci, bacilli, vibrio, Spirilla. Gram positive bacteria stain blue-purple and Gram negative bacteria stain red. They occur as round or oval bodies and as interlacing filaments. Eg. Pointer Publishers; First edition. Those bacteria which gain energy from light. Bacteria are divided into Gram- negative and Gram-positive on the basis of their cell wall structure. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Bacteria can be classified depending upon: On the basis of morphology bacteria are divided into following groups: Intermediate shaped like cocco-bacilli also exist, Bacteria are divided into Gram-negative and Gram-positive on the basis of their cell wall structure, a- Gram-positive: Bacteria staining purple in Gram stained smear. They are basically classified into five major groups. It allows a large proportion of clinically important bacteria to be classified as either. Bacteria, like all living cells, require energy and nutrients to build proteins and structural membranes and drive biochemical processes. gurpreetmander6619 Yesterday Science Primary School +5 pts. Do not require high salt concentrations for growth, but tolerate upto 2% salt or more. Other important growth assessments include the incubation temperature, pH, nutrients required, and resistance to antibiotics. Thermophiles capable of growing in mesophilic range are called facultative thermophiles. 1. Some acidopiles are thermophilic in nature, such bacteria are called Thermoacidophiles. TRUE BACTERIA1. Classification of bacteria 1. True thermophiles are called as Stenothermophiles, they are obligate thermophiles. 1. Answered 5. Those bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source. Acid-fast •Mycobacterium 4. Basis of Classification A. Phentoypic Classification i. Gram stain and bacterial morphology: Of all the different classification systems the Gram stain has withstood the test of time. Those bacteria that can best grow above 45C. Bacteria that can grow at 0°C or below but the optimum temperature of growth is 15 °C or below and maximum temperature is 20°C are called psychrophiles. classification of bacteria in urdu,classification of bacteria on the basis of morphology,classification of bacteria in hindi,classification of bacteria first year,classification of bacteria class 11,Power of knowledge,Cocci,Spherical bacteria,rod shaped bacteria,spirals,spirochetes,vibrios,diplococcus,class 11 biology,biology lectures, Tags . This information often can allow identification of an organism to the genus level, or can minimize the possibility that it belongs to one or another group. Mostly Archeobacteria are hyperthermophiles. Classification of Bacteria. Gram + •Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus 2. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex, some bacteria … Actinomycetes are branching filamentous bacteria, so called because of a fancied resemblance to the radiating rays of the sun when seen in tissue lesions (from actis meaning ray and mykes meaning fungus). Classification on the basis of Gram Stain and Bacterial Cell Wall, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Shape, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Mode of Nutrition, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Temperature Requirement, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Oxygen Requirement, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of pH of Growth, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Osmotic Pressure Requirement, Classification of Bacteria on the Basis of Number of Flagella, Classification of Bacteria on the basis of Spore Formation. Those bacteria which uses carbondioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food. In the year 1872 scientist Cohn classified bacteria to 4 major types depending on their shapes are as follows: A) Cocci:These types of bacteria are unicellular, spherical or elliptical shape. Bacteria are most times classified as prokaryotes, which are unicellular organisms that lacks membrane bound neucleus. But before we elaborate on its uses, let us know the structure of bacteria, its classification, and the bacteria diagram in detail. Slides are sequentially stained with crystal violet, iodine, then destained with alcohol and counter-stained with safranin. Examples: Salmonella enterica subsp, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella choleraesuis. Log in. ON THE BASIS OF SHAPE Cocci (a) Dipplococci e.g Neisseria Gonorrhorea (b) Streptococci e.g S.mutans (c) Sarcina e.g Sarcina rosea (d) Tetrad e.g Micrococcus luteus (e) Staphylococci e.g Staphylococcus aureus.. Baccilli (a) Dipplobacilli e.g Clostridium (b) Coccobacilli e.g Bordtella pertusis Vibrio e.g Vibrio cholerae Spiral e.g Spirillus Spirochete e.g Treponema pallidum Nutrition is substances used in biosynthesis and energy production and therefore are required for all living things. Many spirilla are rigid and capable of movement. However there are some bacteria that require special nutrients for their growth; known as fastidious heterotrophs. Psychrophiles have polyunsaturated fatty acids in their cell membrane which gives fluid nature to the cell membrane even at lower temperature. If the organism is gram positive it retains the colour of the dye and appears a deep violet under the microscope. C- VIBRIOS: comma shaped. Mycoplasmas are bacteria that are cell wall deficient and hence do not possess a stable morphology. Require oxygen, but at low concentrations. Cocci (or coccus for a single cell) are round cells, sometimes slightly flattened when they are adjacent to one another. DNA homology. Classification of bacteria on the base of Oxygen consumption On the base of oxygen utilization , bacteria has four types. Now we shall go on details about the classification of bacteria. This classification is done on the basis of shape, cell wall, flagella, nutrition and morphology.
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