[19], On February 25, 1901, Governor Oakes Murphy dedicated the permanent Capitol building,[19] and the Carnegie Free Library opened seven years later, on February 18, 1908, dedicated by Benjamin Fowler. The city is the center of its large and heavily populated metropolitan area which is sometimes called 'The Valley of Sun'. [34] The fort established a camp on the south side of the Salt River by 1866, which was the first settlement in the valley after the decline of the Hohokam. [177] The city is also home to the headquarters of U-HAUL International, Best Western, and Apollo Group, parent of the University of Phoenix. [189][190][191] Interactive exhibits can be found in nearby Peoria's Challenger Space Center, where individuals learn about space, renewable energies, and meet astronauts. [205] In addition to the sites of interest in the city, there are many attractions near Phoenix, such as Agua Fria National Monument, Arcosanti, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Lost Dutchman State Park, Montezuma's Castle, Montezuma's Well, and Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. [281], Street gangs and the drug trade had turned into public safety issues by the 1980s, and the crime rate in Phoenix continued to grow. [330], As of 2005[update], the metropolitan area of Phoenix contains one of the nation's largest and fastest growing freeway systems, consisting of over 1,405 lane miles (2,261 lane km). Desert Fence [Explored Sept. 8, 2012 #66], View of Camelback Mountain from our balcony, The Exceedingly Rare and Extraordinarily Fragile Air-Berry Bush. [102] However, peripheral portions of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area frequently see frost in the winter. [354], State capital city of Arizona, United States, "Phoenix City" redirects here. [95] Each village has a planning committee appointed directly by the city council. The Heard Museum attracts about 250,000 visitors a year. The Phoenix Zoo is the largest privately owned non-profit zoo in the United States and is internationally known for its programs devoted to saving endangered species. Since opening in 1962, the zoo has developed an international reputation for its efforts on animal conservation, including breeding and reintroducing endangered species back into the wild. Native amphibian species include the Couch's spadefoot toad, Chiricahua leopard frog, and the Sonoran desert toad.[135]. He formed the Swilling Irrigation and Canal Company that year, dug a large canal that drew in river water, and erected several crop fields in a location that is now within the eastern portion of central Phoenix near its airport. [335], Being in the desert, Phoenix relies on a water supply delivered to the city via a system of canals which divert water from the region's rivers and lakes, with the largest portion of the city's water coming from the Colorado River through the Central Arizona Project's canal. The Phoenix metro area is served by many local television stations and is the largest designated market area (DMA) in the Southwest, and the 12th largest in the U.S., with over 1.8 million homes (1.6% of the total U.S.). [276] These land frauds led to one of the more infamous murders in the history of the valley, when Arizona Republic writer Don Bolles was murdered by a car bomb in 1976. 2 in Scottsdale. [103] On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all-time recorded high of 122 °F (50 °C). 1 in Glendale and Thunderbird Field No. Their crops included corn, beans, and squash for food as well as cotton and tobacco. Phoenix is the sixth most populous city in the United States according to the 2010 United States Census, with a population of 1,445,632, making it the most populous state capital in the United States. They also carried out extensive trade with the nearby Ancient Puebloans, Mogollon, and Sinagua, as well as with the more distant Mesoamerican civilizations. Res. [19][51][52], A town that had just over 65,000 residents in 1940 became America's sixth largest city by 2010, with a population of nearly 1.5 million, and millions more in nearby suburbs. Phoenix is in the Cities category for Maricopa County in the state of Arizona. Arizona has museums, journals, societies, and libraries that serve as sources of important cultural heritage knowledge. sub-prime mortgage crash. Phoenix boasts cuisines from all over the world, such as Korean, barbecue, Cajun/Creole, Greek, Hawaiian, Irish, Japanese, sushi, Italian, fusion, Persian, Indian (South Asian), Spanish, Thai, Chinese, southwestern, Tex-Mex, Vietnamese, Brazilian, and French. [347] Banner Health is a non-profit health system in the United States, based in Phoenix. [236], The Arizona Cardinals are the oldest continuously run professional football franchise in the nation. [226] The U.S. Airways Center hosted both the 1995 and the 2009 NBA All-Star Games. Before the construction of this building in 1961, federal government offices were housed in the historic U.S. Post Office on Central Avenue, completed in the 1930s. [317] In addition to American, other domestic carriers include Alaska Airlines, Delta, Frontier, Hawaiian, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, Sun Country, and United. [194] In April 2009, artist Janet Echelman inaugurated her monumental sculpture, Her Secret Is Patience, a civic icon suspended above the new Phoenix Civic Space Park, a two-city-block park in the middle of downtown. [115] The September 2014 storm was created from the remnants of Hurricane Norbert which had moved up from the Gulf of California and flooded the city's major interstates and low-lying roadways, stranding hundreds of motorists. The largest segment of vacancies is in the rental market, where the vacancy rate is 14.9%, and 51% of all vacancies are in rentals. About 15.7% of non-English speakers reported speaking English less than "very well". [305], Phoenix's first newspaper was the weekly Salt River Valley Herald, established in 1878, which would change its name the following year to the Phoenix Herald. [284][285], In 2001 and 2002, Phoenix ranked first in the nation in vehicle thefts, with over 22,000 and 25,000 cars stolen each year respectively. This tool allows you to look up elevation data by searching address or clicking on a live google map. Camelback Mountain, North Mountain, Sunnyslope Mountain, and Piestewa Peak are within the heart of the valley. [142], After leading the U.S. in population growth for over a decade, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, followed by the recession, led to a slowing in the growth of Phoenix. Anyone who is interested in visiting Phoenix can print the free topographic map and street map using the link above. [163][164] The city averaged a 4 percent annual growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. With the Cincinnati Reds' move to Goodyear, half of MLB's 30 teams are now included in the Cactus League.[247]. The Artlink organization and the galleries downtown have launched a First Friday cross-Phoenix gallery opening, as well as hosting Art Detour which has become central to the city's cultural identity. The metropolitan area is known as the "Valley of the Sun" due to its location in the Salt River Valley. However, a large part of this decrease can be attributed to new guidelines put out by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1980, when a question regarding Hispanic origin was added to the census questionnaire. Phoenix and the surrounding areas are also home to a wide variety of native invertebrates including the Arizona bark scorpion, giant desert hairy scorpion, Arizona blond tarantula, Sonoran Desert centipede, tarantula hawk wasp, camel spider, and tailless whip scorpion.
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