Females create crescent-shaped oviposition scars on the fruit which remain at harvest; Summer feeding on the apple pulp creates rounded cavities that act as entry sites for decay organisms. Adults are 4-6 mm long, dark brown with grey and white dorsal patches. Recommendations for plum curculio at Petal Fall/Calyx, and First summer spray. satisfied that you shared this helpful info with us. For information on what products are OP insecticides, see. Examine apple trees in border rows every two to three days for signs of fresh injury. Legless, with a distinct brown head capsule, Dark brown with grey and white dorsal patches. Females usually lay eggs in the fruit several weeks after emerging, once fruit set has occurred. Hello there, You’ve done a fantastic job. Please keep us informed like this. I’m sure they will be benefited from this web site. After codling moth, plum curculio is often regarded as the most serious pest of tree fruits in eastern North America. Early varieties with dense foliage and yellow skinned cultivars are most heavily attacked. Bent antennae arise from an elongated beak-like snout. However in southern regions (Virginia south) with 2-3 generations, plum curculio is present in orchards through harvest. They can cause considerable damage to apple, pear, apricot, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry, and other fruits. So if the defect is identified as being caused by the insect, then the above mentioned scoring guideline is followed……right? If insect stings are found, the following guideline is offered: This defect was found on Pink Lady apples. Please consult your local production manual for recommendations suitable to your area. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. Please enable Javascript to run. Oviposition damage is more economically significant than feeding damage. Scientific Name They have four small humps on their wing covers (elytra) and a characteristic curved snout. However, home orchardists can help reduce future populations by promptly picking up and destroying any fallen fruit from the ground. To be specific, some of the most common host plants include plum, apple, cherry, persimmon, quince, strawberry, stone fruit, apricot, peach, blueberries, gooseberry, currants, and grape vine. Slightly rough russeting which covers an aggregate area of more than one-half inch in diameter. More research is required to develop an effective bait for migrating plum curculio adults. There is one generation of plum curculio in Ontario so damage usually stops at the beginning of early summer. There is one generation of plum curculio in Ontario so damage usually stops at the beginning of early summer. Rough russeting which covers an aggregate area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter. Eggs are 0.6 mm long, white and elliptical, and are deposited under the fruit skin. Egg laying begins as soon as fruit set occurs. Feeding holes are often on the bottom end of the apple. Conotrachelus nenuphar. Plum curculio damage is generally heaviest near the orchard perimeter. I’ll certainly digg it aand personally recommend to my friends. Monitoring of plum curculio adults is difficult since they respond poorly to olfactory or visual traps. Adult activity and migration back into the orchard begin in the spring following sustained warm weather (mean temperatures of 15.5ºC or higher) and light rain. The next generation adults emerge in late summer and also feed on fruit, but they generally do not reproduce until the following spring. However, larvae sometimes bore tunnels, and heavily-infested fruit may become knotty or fall to the ground. Thank you for Larvae will generally spend two to three weeks feeding within fruit before exiting to pupate in the soil. Period of Activity Symptoms . Damaged fruit remaining on the tree is scarred, malformed and unsuitable for fresh market sale. Mature larvae exit fruit and burrow into the soil to pupate. Some research suggests weather patterns (sunny/cloud) affect whether beetles migrate into the orchard by crawling or flying. This is a type of insect injury, caused by the Plum Curculio insect. The efficacy of border sprays using any non-organophosphate (OP) insecticides has not been assessed and consequently, their use is currently not recommended. For a high degree of control, a second application can be made about ten days later. The plum curculio overwinters as an adult under leaf debris, brush piles and stacked wood near or adjacent to orchards. Pupae are 5–7 mm in length, white or cream coloured, and soil dwelling. Females cut a cavity into the fruits’ skin with their snout, depositing an egg in the hole. Some research suggests plum curculio is attracted to fresh pruning cuts. Fresh damage often has sap oozing out of the fruit. To prevent damage by plum curculios, an insecticide spray should be made shortly after petals fall from the blossoms or at the first sign of damage. Emerging larvae feed inside the fruit, causing some of the infested apples to drop prematurely. Adults do not begin to damage fruit until after petal fall. Their bent antennae arise from an elongated beak-like snout. If possible, complete pruning prior to significant green tissue development to allow pruning cuts to heal over. Plum curculio has a single generation a year in Ontario. They have four distinctive humps on their elytra (wing covers). Adults mate and feed on developing leaves, blossoms and fruitlets. From 1977 to 1989, damage by this insect at harvest was usually be-low 1% in Québec commercial apple or­ chards, whereas damage in unsprayed orchards varied between 6 and 85% (Vincent and Roy 1992). Thresholds The adults overwinter in ground debris within woodlands or along field edges and begin moving into tree fruit plantings in the spring to feed on buds, flowers, and newly formed fruit. This slit becomes a crescent-shaped scar as the apple grows, though the damage is often only cosmetic. Larvae continue to develop in fallen fruit. Other weevils- The presence of four distinctive humps on their elytra (wing covers) helps distinguish adults from other weevils. Most beetle activity occurs during the first warm period after petal fall, when the maximum temperature is 70°F or higher. Monitor wild fruit trees adjacent to or near orchard perimeters for feeding and oviposition scars beginning at bloom. The following are definitions for damage by russeting: The apple in the top image would be scored as a defect. Once first injury is detected apply an insecticide. If the defect is smooth, slightly rough or rough score according to the specific guideline for each. Insect damage, affecting apples is pretty much straight forward. The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is an important early season pest of pome and stone fruits. This usually occurs around bloom in apple and lasts for up to six weeks, with the greatest migration occurring within the period of up to 14 days after petal fall. If weather is cool at bloom time and petal fall, adults may not migrate into the orchards until after petal fall. Undeveloped fruit fall in June and July during what is called "June drop." The defect is showing raised areas, hard, and the underlying flesh is not affected. Females create crescent-shaped oviposition scars on the fruit which remain at harvest. Four distinctive humps on their elytra (wing covers). After codling moth, plum curculio is often regarded as the most serious pest of tree fruits in eastern North America. A crescent-shaped slit cut around the oviposition site helps prevent the egg from being crushed by rapidly expanding fruit. More research is required to develop an effective bait for migrating plum curculio adults. Continue monitoring until first injury is detected. In apple, plum curculio larvae are unable to complete development within growing fruit because of the pressure exerted by the hard, expanding tissue. The crescent-shaped scars cut into the fruit surface from egg-laying are a characteristic sign of plum curculio damage. However, feeding by larvae can cause fruit to drop prematurely from trees and it is within these apples that they are able to complete development. Adult populations can be suppressed in the spring with well-timed applications of effective insecticides. Adults do not begin to damage fruit until after petal fall. There are specific scoring guidelines for “injury,” “damage,” and for “serious damage.”  All worm holes are scored as a free from defect, always score as a serious damage defect when found. In absence of chemical treatments, up to 85% damage is caused to the fruit at harvest. Continue monitoring until first injury is detected. Identification From NC State’s website; “A female Plum Curculio uses her snout to cut a crescent-shaped slit beneath each egg she lays in order to keep the growing apple from crushing the egg. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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