(2018, October 3). Characteristics : Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococci) Neisseria meningitides (Meningococci) Capsule: No polysaccharide capsule: Yes (has a prominent polysaccharide capsule; and is divided in to 13 serologic groups on the basis of capsular antigens): Pili: Yes (One of the most important virulence factor; nonpiliated strains are avirulent) Capsules and lipopolysaccharides. However, they can be differentiated on the following grounds: Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative coccus, or bacteria whose overall shape is spherical. Capsule, lipooligosaccharide (endotoxin), and outer cell membrane proteins I-III are important in antigenic variation and for eliciting an inflammatory response. The incubation period ranges from 1–14 days (usually < 7). Retrieved November, 1, 2020, from. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Lecturio. All the medically significant species of Neisseria are positive for both catalase and oxidase. It is nutritionally demanding, requiring enriched media such as chocolate agar or modified Thayer-Martin agar for growth. Each capsule contains doxycycline monohydrate equivalent to 75 mg doxycycline. Treatment and prevention of meningococcal infection. Referred to as meningococcus. 49.1). The bacteria begins infection through colonizing mucosal surfaces; humans are the only host of this bacteria and it is transmitted through sexual contact. N. gonorrhoeae – causes gonorrhoea Greek word gonos (reed) and rhoia (flow) 2. In Riedel, S, Morse, S.A., Mietzner, T., Miller, S. Neisseria species are non-motile, gram-negative diplococci most commonly isolated on modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar. Full text. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative coccus, 0.6 to 1.0 µm in diameter, usually seen in pairs with adjacent flattened sides (Figure 1 Left and Fig 2 below). ‡ Gonococci with 30 mcg tetracycline disk zone diameters of less than 19 mm usually indicate a plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate. But this bacteria has a ton of other virulence factors, which it uses to attack and destroy host cells, and also to evade the immune system. Now, unlike its sister Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is not an encapsulated bacteria, so it doesn’t have a polysaccharide capsule. UpToDate. Meningococcal infections are transmitted via respiratory and oral secretions. Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that can infect both males and females. Most capsules are hydrophilic (“water-loving”) and may help the bacterium avoid desiccation (dehydration) by preventing water loss. Neisseria is a genus of bacteria commonly present on mucosal surfaces. Serogroups A, B, C, W135, and Y have been reported to be clinically important. Pathogenic 1. NAME: Neisseria gonorrhoeae SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Gonococci, Gonorrhea Footnote 1. Much of the neurologic injury is caused by the immune response to the endotoxin and other bacterial components rather than direct bacteria-induced tissue injury. Gonococcal infections are sexually or perinatally transmitted and include gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, septic arthritis, and neonatal conjunctivitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitides are Gram negative diplococci (kidney bean-shaped) with flattened sides. They have exacting growth requirements and do not grow on ordinary media. The organism is usually found interacellulary in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or a specific category of white blood cells with varying shapes of nuclei, of the gonorrhea pustular exudates with humans as its only natural host. Needless to say, p. 162 of FA2012 says Gonorrhea doesn't have a capsule. Rosenthal, K.S. Viability of Neisseria: They die at 55°C in 5 minutes, are fragile and cannot resist an adverse … Rapid Review Microbiology and Immunology (Goljan, E.F.) (3rd ed.). Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra, rectum or throat. ... Pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The genus Neisseria contains the two gram-negative cocci which are established human pathogens The genus also contains many commensal species, most of which are harmless inhabitants of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts. Serogroup B causes most sporadic meningitis. Presents as a mixture or any of the following: Septic arthritis: swelling of multiple joints (up to 4), Dermatitis-arthritis syndrome: vesicular, pustular, or maculopapular lesions on the trunk and extremities with necrotic or hemorrhagic centers, First-catch urine, without pre-cleansing, for genitourinary tract lesions. & Tan, M.J. (2010). Capsules are usually polymers of simple sugars (polysaccharides), although the capsule of Bacillus anthracis is made of polyglutamic acid. Pathogenesis and Immunity. The nasopharynx is the portal of entry, attaching to mucosal cells with the aid of pili. Describe growth and colonization of the pathogenic neisseria species: By continuing use of our service you agree upon our Data Privacy Statement. E. All of the choices are correct. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) and N. meningitidis (meningococcus) are the two principal human pathogens. Several species exist, but only 2 are pathogenic to humans: N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. For example, N. gonorrhoeae makes acid from only glucose, but N. meningitidis produces acid from both glucose and maltose. for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ann E. Jerse, Ph.D. The bacterium adheres to the mucosal epithelium (1) where it competes with microbiota and colonizes to invade the epithelium (2). Can be sialylated→ resistant to serum killing. N. gonorrhoeae causes disease both by multiplying in tissues andby causing inflammation. UWorld QID# 6732 on UWSA2 says N. Gonorrhoeae has a capsule, and although it's not a virulence factor as is that of Meningococcus, it helps prevent phagocytosis. Vol 1, pp. The capsules are imprinted “G&W 0554” with white ink on the cap and “75 mg” with brown ink on the body, filled with yellow to beige powder. Uk. These pathogens have many virulence factors, including fimbriae, lipooligosaccharide envelope proteins, a polysaccharide capsule (unique to N. meningitidis), and IgA protease. Responsible for most of the toxicity in gonococcal infections (e.g., causes fever, ciliary loss, and mucosal cell death in the fallopian tube), Not to be confused with the capsular polysaccharide of meningococci, IgA1 protease: inactivates IgA1 immunoglobulin and reduces host’s defense. 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